Technical library
Commissioning, refrigeration, HVAC, controls, utility data, modeling, and energy-performance guidance from the Singh360 archive.
Discuss a projectComplete archive
Browse Singh360 project updates, technical guidance, historical events, and case-study material by publication date.
Technical article · March 20, 2025
In this 2025 customer interview, Abtar Singh described how Singh360 had used DENT Instruments since 2011 for audits, equipment comparisons, project validation, and ongoing monitoring. The discussion focuses on practical metering and integration choices for grocery and commercial facilities.
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Technical article · December 20, 2021
This 2021 article explains how prebuilt asset forms and progress indicators were used to keep visual inspections and functional tests visible during building commissioning.
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Technical article · December 20, 2021
This 2021 article describes a shared mobile workflow for assigning and closing commissioning deficiencies among the owner, general contractor, commissioning agent, and trade contractors.
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Technical article · April 4, 2020
Written in April 2020, this discussion prompt collected operational questions grocery facility managers were confronting during the early COVID-19 pandemic. The author explicitly presented the list as unvalidated and not as expert pandemic guidance.
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Technical article · March 8, 2020
The 2020 source estimated that plug loads could account for 15% to 20% of store energy consumption when equipment was left running outside useful hours. That range is a historical rule of thumb from the article, not a guaranteed savings result.
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Technical article · February 5, 2020
This source reviews a historical 12-year program spanning 27 grocery stores and two production facilities. It reports that average electrical use moved from 65 to 38 kWh per square foot, while new-store designs targeted an Energy Use Index of 32.
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Technical article · August 16, 2019
This 2019 article describes a kWh360 feature that placed site projects and operating activities directly on Energy Use Index and other performance charts. The project record could also retain supporting documents for later reference.
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Technical article · February 13, 2019
This article describes three kWh360 charting methods built around normalized utility-bill data: a before-and-after comparison, a multi-project method, and a long-term whole-site view.
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Technical article · August 6, 2018
This 2018 article describes how Singh360 participated in the ComEd Energy Efficiency Program for retro-commissioning work in Chicago and northern Illinois. It outlines the program structure that was presented at the time, including an initially funded study and incentives tied to verified reductions.
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Technical article · March 22, 2016
This 2016 article reviews retro-commissioning work at Strack & Van Til and Coborn's and records project-specific savings and payback expectations available at that time. The source reports 8% to 12% average savings over four months for one program and describes incentive-supported payback expectations for the other.
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Technical article · February 17, 2015
This 2015 article argues for including a licensed refrigeration technician on a supermarket retro-commissioning team so identified equipment issues can be diagnosed and addressed during the work.
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Technical article · September 8, 2014
This 2014 guide compares six VFD applications in supermarkets, including HVAC blowers, condenser fans, kitchen hoods, motor-room fans, compressors, and boiler pumps. Its payback ranges of 1.5 to 5 years are historical estimates based on the article's assumptions, not current guarantees.
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Technical article · August 9, 2014
This 2014 article explains the difference between prescriptive and custom utility rebates and the documentation grocery projects may require. Its named programs, locations, and incentive amounts reflect conditions reported at that time.
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Technical article · January 5, 2014
This 2014 article presents seven rough calculation rules for North American supermarkets, based on assumptions such as typical store loads and electricity at $0.10 per kWh. The percentages are historical estimation heuristics, not engineered savings guarantees.
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Technical article · September 5, 2012
This 2012 technical roundup organizes practical checks across building pressure, ventilation, economizers, schedules, humidity, zoning, sensors, variable speed, maintenance, balancing, heat reclaim, and retro-commissioning. Its energy-share and savings percentages are historical rules of thumb from the source.
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Technical article · February 21, 2012
This 2012 article explains why supermarket certification modeling needs detailed refrigeration analysis in addition to the HVAC and lighting work common to other commercial buildings. It describes using eQUEST and custom refrigeration models with hourly weather and utility-rate structures to compare design options.
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Technical article · June 28, 2011
This technical primer explains how building-management devices exchange data and how the protocol differs from the physical network carrying it. It uses that foundation to compare open, standard, interoperable, and proprietary approaches.
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